Blog
Guides that explain how the data on this site works, and how to use it.
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Chicken breast: raw vs cooked calories and protein
Raw chicken breast has about 120 calories per 100 g and cooked has about 165. Here is why the numbers differ and which one to use.
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High-protein foods: protein per 100 g compared
Compare the protein and calories in 100 g of chicken, tuna, salmon, eggs, nuts, cheese, yogurt and beans, and how to read the numbers fairly.
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How are calories calculated? Protein, carbs and fat
Calories come from protein, carbohydrate, fat and alcohol. Learn the 4-4-9 rule, why it only approximates food labels, and a worked example.
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How long can food sit out? Fridge times
Perishable food should not sit out more than 2 hours (1 hour above 90°F). Fridge times for leftovers, raw meat and eggs, from USDA guidance.
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How many calories are in a banana? By size
A medium banana has about 105 calories. See calories, carbs, fiber and potassium for every banana size, plus the per 100 g figures.
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How many calories are in an apple? By size
A medium apple has about 95 calories. See calories, fiber and sugar for small, medium and large apples.
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How many calories are in an avocado?
Avocado has about 160 calories per 100 g. See calories for a third, half and whole avocado, plus the fat, fiber and potassium.
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Cups, pints, quarts and gallons: how many in each?
A pint is 2 cups, a quart is 4 cups and a gallon is 16 cups. Full US liquid measure chart with fluid ounces, liters and an easy memory trick.
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How many ounces are in a cup? Fluid vs weight
A US cup is 8 fluid ounces, but the weight in ounces depends on the ingredient. Learn the difference and see typical weights for flour, sugar and butter.
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How to measure flour correctly: cups vs grams
Measure flour with the spoon-and-level method or a scale. A cup of flour is about 120 to 125 g, but scooping can add 20 percent or more.
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How to read a nutrition facts label (US)
A plain guide to the US nutrition facts label: serving size, calories, % Daily Value, added sugars and how to compare products.
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Net carbs vs total carbs: what is the difference?
Net carbs are usually total carbohydrate minus fiber. Learn how to calculate them, why the term is not official, and examples with real foods.
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Oven temperature chart: °F to °C and gas mark
Convert oven temperatures between Fahrenheit, Celsius and gas mark. Chart for 250 to 500°F, the formula, and how to adjust for a fan oven.
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Safe internal cooking temperatures chart
Minimum safe internal temperatures for chicken, beef, pork, fish, eggs and leftovers, based on USDA guidance, with Celsius equivalents.
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Rice calories: cooked vs uncooked, white and brown
Cooked white rice has about 130 calories per 100 g, uncooked about 365. Learn why and how to count rice correctly.
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US cup vs metric cup vs UK cup: differences
A US cup is 237 ml, a metric cup is 250 ml, and UK measures differ again. Learn how the differences affect recipes and how to adjust.
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ZIP codes vs ZCTAs: why free lists never match
ZIP codes and Census ZCTAs look alike but are different things. Here is why free ZIP code lists disagree, and what that means for you.
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How to cook fluffy white rice on the stove
Simple stovetop method for fluffy long-grain white rice: the water ratio, cooking time and resting step, plus tips for brown rice and leftovers.
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How to halve or double a recipe (with chart)
Halve or double any recipe with this chart for cups, tablespoons and teaspoons, plus what to change for eggs, spices, pan size and cooking time.
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How to boil eggs: soft, medium and hard
Exact times for soft, jammy and hard-boiled eggs, an ice-bath trick for easy peeling, and how long boiled eggs keep. Simple step-by-step method.
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How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?
There are 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon. See how to halve, third and double small measures, and why an Australian tablespoon is different.
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How many tablespoons are in a stick of butter?
One US stick of butter is 8 tablespoons, 1/2 cup, 4 ounces or 113 grams. Conversion chart, calories per tablespoon and how to soften butter fast.
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How many tablespoons are in a cup? (with chart)
There are 16 tablespoons in a US cup. See the chart for 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 3/4 cup, plus the teaspoon and milliliter equivalents.
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How many square feet are in an acre?
An acre is 43,560 square feet, or 4,047 square meters. Chart of acres to square feet, hectares and square miles, with size comparisons.
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How much protein is in an egg? Size, white and yolk
A large egg has about 6 grams of protein. See protein and calories for every egg size, plus the white and yolk separately.
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How long to bake chicken breast at 400°F
Bake boneless chicken breast at 400°F for 18 to 30 minutes until it reaches 165°F. Times by thickness, tips for juicy chicken and a simple recipe.
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Easy pancakes from scratch (fluffy, 8 pancakes)
A simple pancake recipe with pantry ingredients: flour, milk, egg and baking powder. Includes gram and milliliter amounts and tips for fluffy results.
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How unit conversion works: a simple guide
Learn how to convert units using conversion factors. Simple rules for multiplying or dividing, checking your answer and avoiding common mistakes.
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Buttermilk substitute: 4 easy ways to replace it
No buttermilk? Mix milk with lemon juice or vinegar, or thin yogurt with milk. Exact amounts per cup, and when each substitute works best.
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Cups to grams: why there is no single answer
A cup is a measure of volume and a gram is a measure of weight, so the answer depends on the ingredient. Typical values for common baking staples.
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Baking soda vs baking powder: how they differ
Baking soda needs an acid to work, baking powder already contains one. Learn how they differ, typical amounts, and how to substitute one for the other.
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How to convert grams to ounces (and back)
Divide grams by 28.35 to get ounces, or multiply ounces by 28.35 to get grams. Formula, worked examples and a quick chart for cooking.